Nutrient requirements of cassava

Nutrient requirements of cassava

The issue of mineral nutrient requirements of cassava have been interested by many researchers. Howeler (1981) summarized the results of several studies of different authors and indicate that cassava has a high demand for mineral nutrients, K is the highest, followed by N, Ca, followed by P. Options according to soil conditions, the same time that the average harvest tons of fresh cassava harvest will take away the land: 4.1 kg K; 2.3 kg N; 0.6 kg Ca; 0.5 kg P and 0.3 kg Mg. If harvested cassava output is 25 tons assumptions fresh tubers / ha and all leaves are returned to the soil, the crop has been harvested tubers will take away 120 kg K; 57 kg N; 15 kg Ca; 12 kg and 7 kg P Mg. In both cases harvested tubers, leaves the soil without leaving anything, the cassava removed 145 kg K; 122 kg N; 45 kg Ca; 27 kg P and 20 kg Mg. This indicates that K, N are two elements cassava steals most of the land.
 
Demand for Fertilizer: To restore the land 57 kg N that cassava removed by harvested tubers in the soil, fertilizer N efficiency for cassava was only 43-69% (Fox et al., 1967), the pure nitrogen to annual supply of 115 kg N / ha (equivalent to 250 kg Urea) .. Depending on the amount of N fertilizer to soil that cassava range: 80 -120 kgN / ha.
 
Lan needs: the ability to attract nearby cassava plants can be better explained by symbiosis between mycorrhizal fungi and roots of trees Mycorrhyze. There are varieties adapted to poor soil phosphorus may cassava varieties that are capable of symbiosis with Mycorrhyze (Howeler, 1980). Acidity of the soil can affect the ability to provide phosphorus to plants at high acidity occurs phosphorus metabolism of ferric phosphate, alkaline soils in the formation process of calcium phosphate 3. In phosphate deficient soils, the phosphate fertilizer sensibly will increase productivity and starch in tubers. Phosphate fertilizers around 50-100 P2O5 / ha.
 
Demand for Potassium: Potassium Cassava need more than that of other substances and potassium attract strong from the beginning and gradually increase over time until the growing amount of suction harvesting .. the second month the first month 10 times, the third month of the second month three times. The period starts from the cassava root development, the amount of potassium was drawn 3-4 times the amount of smoke in the growth period and 6 -7 times higher than nearby attraction is. Depending on the type of soil that K fertilizers for cassava output range: 200-500 K2O kg / ha.
 
  Fertilizers for cassava can be adjusted according to each level of intensification. However, rates of fertilizer N: P: K suitable for cassava should apply: 1: 0.5: 1. The amount of fertilizer for one hectare as follows:
 
Intensive level
Protein (kg / ha)
Phosphorus (kg / ha)
Potassium (kg / ha)
N
urea
P2O5
Super Phosphate
K2O
KCl
Average level of intensification
80
174
40
235
80
134
Intensive level
160
347
80
470
160
268
 
One of the main nutrients from fertilizers
 
* Compost
 
Compost is a fertilizer with nutrients in the form of organic material: manure, green manure, compost.
             + Manure: A mixture of feces, urine, animal, fillers are composted.
   Use:
Providing food for plants
Additional organic matter to the soil
Helps loosen soil to increase fertility, increase the efficiency of chemical fertilizers.
             + Classification spam: Processing of weeds, trash, tree leaves, straw ... brewed with yeast, such as some fertilizers and manure phosphorus, calcium ... until the item into feces.
             Nutrient composition of manure compost lower.
Use: used for a pit. If longer incubation decomposed for distribution level may be used for top dressing.
             + Green manure: As the legumes: filled bars, ditches, glues fence, Stylo, cork ... Fresh trees use fertilizer directly into the soil through composting process
Use: fertilizer at soil liner. Can green manure incorporation into the soil when the plant flowers.
              + Peat, manure, agricultural by-products are considered organic fertilizers
 
* Inorganic fertilizer
 
Nutrient composition of common inorganic fertilizers as follows:
 
+ Fertilizer
Name
formula
% Nitrogen
Urea
CO (NH2) 2
42-45%
Sulphate Fertilizer
(NH4) 2SO4
20.5 to 21%
Ammonium chloride fertilizers
NH4Cl
23-24%
Ammonium nitrate fertilizers
NH4NO3
35%
Distribution of calcium nitrate
Ca (NO3) 2
13-15%
Sodium nitrate fertilizers
nano3
15-16%
 
+ Phosphate
Name
formula
% P2O5
distribution apatite
3Ca3 (PO4) 2CaX2
where x: Cl, F, OH ...
30-42%
Superphosphate fertilizers
3Ca3 (H2PO4) 2
15-20%
FMP
 
30-35%
 
+ Potassium
Name
formula
% K2O
Distribution of potassium chloride
KCl
60%
Distribution of potassium sulphate
K2SO4
48-50%
Distribution of potassium nitrate
KNO3